In 2005, the U.S. Air Force’s 319th Air Refueling Wing, located on North Dakota’s Grand Forks Air Force Base, found itself in a precarious position. Three years earlier, a decision had been made to replace its large fleet of tanker aircraft with an important but smaller group of Global Hawk unmanned aerial vehicles. With the entire manned fleet scheduled to be redistributed in short order, we were left with a vast infrastructure, an underutilized but very capable workforce, and a base and civilian population facing an uncertain future due to our pending change in mission.

A version of this article appeared in the November 2010 issue of Harvard Business Review.